Wastewater treatment is of great importance in the Middle East due to the region's limited freshwater resources and increasing population. Several countries in the Middle East have implemented wastewater treatment programmes to ensure the sustainable use of water resources, protect the environment and promote circular economy.

The world is facing a growing crisis of wastewater. With the rising population, urbanisation, and industrial activities, the amount of wastewater generated is increasing at an alarming rate. This wastewater poses a serious threat to the environment including water bodies and the ecosystem, public health, and the availability of safe water.