The United Kingdom left the European Union early this morning with a mixture of joy, anger and indifference, casting off into the unknown in one of the biggest blows yet to Europe’s attempt to forge unity from the ruins of the Second World War.

 

The EU’s most powerful leaders, German Chancellor Angela Merkel and French President Emmanuel Macron, cast Brexit as a sad moment that was a turning point for Europe. The EU warned that leaving would be worse than staying.

 

In the UK’s most significant geopolitical move since it lost its empire, it turns its back on 47 years of membership and must begin charting its own course for generations to come.

 

At the stroke of midnight in Brussels, the EU lost 15 per cent of its economy, its biggest military spender and the world’s international financial capital – London.

 

Brexit supporters burned an EU flag outside Downing Street, where Prime Minister Boris Johnson lives. Some EU supporters were mocked by a larger group of Brexiteers nearby chanting “Bye-bye EU” and “Shame on you” to the tune of Auld Lang Syne.

 

“This is the moment when the dawn breaks and the curtain goes up on a new act,” said Johnson, one of the leaders of the “Leave” campaign in the 2016 referendum.

 

“It is a moment of real national renewal and change.”

 

Johnson celebrated with a distinctly British array of canapés including Shropshire blue cheese and Yorkshire puddings with beef and horseradish.

 

In Brussels, the Britain’s Union Jack was lowered at the EU council building and the bloc’s circle of 12 stars on a blue background was removed from outside the British embassy.

 

Leaving the EU was once far-fetched: the UK joined in 1973 as “the sick man of Europe” and less than two decades ago British leaders were arguing about whether to join the euro.

 

But the turmoil of the euro zone crisis, fears about mass immigration and a series of miscalculations by former prime minister David Cameron prompted the 52 per cent to 48pc vote to leave.

 

The final parting of the EU’s most reluctant member is an anticlimax of sorts.

 

Beyond the symbolism, little will change until the end of 2020.

 

By then, Johnson has promised to strike a broad free trade agreement with the EU, the world’s biggest trading bloc.

 

“These negotiations certainly won’t be easy,” Merkel said, cautioning London that if it deviated from the EU’s rules then its access to the EU’s market would be limited.

 

Macron told Britain it could not expect to be treated the same way as when it was part of the club.

 

“You can’t be in and out,” Macron told the French in a televised address.

 

“The British people chose to leave the European Union. It won’t have the same obligations, so it will no longer have the same rights.”

 

US President Donald Trump has long supported Brexit. Secretary of State Mike Pompeo said Britons wanted to escape the “tyranny of Brussels”.

 

Some Britons will celebrate and some will weep – but many will do neither.

 

For proponents, Brexit is “independence day” – an escape from what they cast as a doomed German-dominated project with a doomed single currency that is failing its 500 million people.

 

They hope departure will herald reforms to reshape Britain and propel it ahead of its European rivals.

 

Karen Evans, a 47-year-old hairdresser carrying a Union Jack, dismissed the concerns of “Remainers”: “They lost. They need to get over it. They are bad losers. This is a day for celebrating.”

 

Opponents believe Brexit is a folly that will weaken the West, shrivel what is left of Britain’s global clout, undermine its economy and ultimately lead to a less cosmopolitan set of islands in the northern Atlantic. They say Britain will now have little option but to cosy up to Trump.

 

David Tucker, a pro-European of 75, said he had come to London from Wales to march in the hope that others would keep alive the hope that Britain would one day rejoin the EU.

 

“It is a tragedy,” he said. “We were once part of the world’s most powerful economic bloc. Now we are just an inward-looking island that is going to get smaller.”

 

“It’s a very sad day,” said engineer Roger Olsen, 63. “I think it is a disaster. An absolutely wrong thing. And I think time will prove that we have taken the wrong course.”